On Otherwise-minded Literature: an Investigation on Three Paradoxes about Literature
Luan Dong 5
The Transformation of literature plays a crucial role in the thoughts of simultaneous literature and non-literature which means literature is literature and non-literature at the same time. Such a proposition consists of the paradox reasoning included simultaneous literature and non-literature, literature against literature itself, and resolution of literature through literature. These three paradoxes reveal a series of crisis-ridden topics: tillering of literature, qualitative change of literature and withering of literature in which a kind of brand-new literature notion is given birth to, such as the displacement of literature, the opening and closure of literature and the subtle change of literature. For the convenience of explication, the author analyzes the transformation of literature from three aspects. They are the paradoxical reasoning of literature thought, the paradoxical development of literature itself, as well as the existence and disappearance of literature in different fields.
What’s the Question Vexing Marx in the Period of‘Rheinische Zeitung’
Duan Zhongqiao 32
The paper argues that the doubts that assailed Marx in the period of‘Rheinische Zeitung’do not only mean that the discussion on material interests he held made him to doubt his belief in Hegel’s theory of state and right at that time, but also imply the place and role of relations of material life in social history from the investigation of economic questions; the solution of the doubts was not after he got the first result that legal relations as well as forms of state … have their roots in the material conditions of life, but also he arrived the general result, the mode of productive material life conditions as the social, and intellectual life process.
Ideological State Apparatuses, Consumerism, and U.S. Capitalism: Lessons for the Left
Written by Richard D. Wolff and(translated by)Wu Xinwei 42
Althusser’s pioneering concept of‘ideological state apparatuses’is extended to the unique role of consumerism as a particular ideology enabling supporting U.S. capitalism. It is argued that the rising levels of worker’s consumption have functioned effectively to compensate the workers for(and thereby allow)rising the rates of exploitation and their negative social effects. For such compensation to succeed, it requires that the workers embrace an ideology stressing the importance of consumption, namely consumerism. It is argued that the weakness of the U.S. left in labor unions, parties, and movements stems in part from having endorsed this consumerism rather than undermining it within the framework of an anti-capitalist politics.
On the Source of Efficiency in Industrial Clusters and Its Implication of Culture
Zhu Fuqiang 88
There are two sources for the efficiency of industrial clusters: cost economization from scale and coordination benefit from labor-division. The latter is primary. So, it depends on the level of labor-division and the mechanism of coordination in order to keep industrial clusters developing continuously. However, it needs four conditions as the following. 1. There is diversity between goods in industrial clusters, which is the foundation of labor-division and cooperation. 2. There is atmosphere of competition, which is the impetus to spur innovation of technology. 3. There is a mechanism of social multi-governance, which is the guarantee to promote cooperation and avoid opportunism. 4. The cultivation of culture and ethics should be paid much importance, which is the key to promote the level of tacit coordination. In fact, only on the foundation of trust, an effective labor-division between the industrial clusters can be formed, and the efficiency of corporation as well as clusters and reformation can be boosted, which is the essential advantage of industrial clusters.
Incentive for Leading Industry: the Local Governmental Behavior in the Form of Regional Industrial Cluster
Fang Jianguo and Xie Xiaoping 93
Making use of the theory of industry cluster development, we analyze the local government behavior in the development of industrial clusters. The paper presents a view that incentive for leading industry drives local government to develop industrial clusters. On the basis of the above viewpoint, we analyze the role of local governments on the industrial cluster growth and cluster embedded in the Guangzhou automobile industry. From the above analysis, we derive the conclusion of the study and make recommendations.
A Reflection on the Opera Concepts of China in the Last Century
Deng Qiping and Song Junhua 138
Opera of History pursues nothing but to be a kind of poetry or a kind of history. It is reasonable for history opera to pursue the poetic implication. The history opera makes use of the method of play interpretation to repeat the history, which goes well with the artistic law of operatizing the history in history opera and is the definite rout for the history opera to pursue its aesthetic value. In the concepts of history opera in the last century, there was a quarrel happened continuously between‘play interpretation’and‘play imitation’. However, as people opened their mind step by step, the artistic history and the imitational history have been divided seriously, and the way of play interpretation in history opera creation has been accepted by the mass spectators already.
Some New Proofs about Mr. Liu Changqing’s Life Story
Hu Kexian 148
In the newly excavated epitaphs, there are three concerned Liu Changqing, a famous poet in the middle Tang dynasty. Depending on the epitaphs and other presented documents, we can further discuss several problems about Liu Changqing’s life story. First, he was the chief military officer in Junyi county, Chenliu prefecture. Secondly, the date of his success in the highest imperial examination is determined with the new proofs. Thirdly, the time when he was the imperial supervisor can be determined now. Fourthly the time when he became the Zhuanyun judge of E-yue is cleared.