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中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧(潘永红)
中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧潘永红
1通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词首先是找出生词与上下文之间
的逻辑关系然后才能猜词有时文章借助关联词如becauseassinceforsothusasa
resultofcoursetherefore等等表示前因后果例如Youshouldnthaveblamedhim
forthatforitwasnthisfault通过for引出的句子所表示的原因那不是他的错可
猜出blame的词义是"责备"
2通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词一是要看由and或or
连接的同义词词组如happyandgay即使我们不认识gay这个词也可以知道它是
愉快的意思二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词如Manhasknown
somethingabouttheplanetsVenusMarsandJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships
此句中的Venus金星Mars火星Jupiter木星均为生词但只要知道planets就
可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域通过反义词猜词一是看表转折关系的连
词或副词如butwhilehowever等二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语如
Heissohomelynotatallashandsomeashisbrother根据notatallhandsome我
们不难推测出homely的意思即不英俊不漂亮的意思
3通过构词法猜词在阅读文章时我们总会遇上一些新词汇有时很难根据
上下文来推断其词意而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用此时如掌握了
一些常用的词根前缀后缀等语法知识这些问题便不难解决了
4通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例如Butsometimesnorainfallsfora
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longlongtimeThenthereisadryperiodordrought从drought所在句子的上
文我们得知很久不下雨于是便有一段干旱的时期即drought由此可见drought
意思为"久旱""旱灾"而adryperiod和drought是同义语这种同义或释义关系常
由isorthatisinotherwordsbecalled或破折号等来表示
5通过句法功能来推测词义例如Bananasorangespineapplescoconutsand
someotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas假如pineapples和coconuts是生词
我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思从句中不难看出
pineapplescoconuts和bananasoranges是同类关系同属fruit类因此它们是两样
水果准确地说是菠萝和椰子
6通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而
对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写例如Thepenguinisakindof
seabirdlivingintheSouthPoleItisfatandwalksinafunnywayAlthoughit
cannotflyitcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish从例句的描述中可以得知
penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性
短文改写填空型阅读理解题的解答技巧是首先通读全文对文章的大意有个
初步的了解同时找出文章中的关键句在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点然后
纵览缩写后的短文在了解其大意的同时确定所要填写的内容即词语或短语是否
与已知文段中的相一致填写时一定要仔细比如有的属于固定搭配有的句子是文
中原句的同义句这些只要稍加注意就可避免出错同时还要注意动词时态人称名
词单复数是否有误首字母是否大写句子的主谓搭配是不是合理等最后将改写后
的文章再通读一遍看看改写后的短文是否流畅语句是否通顺同时还要照顾到原
文看改写后的短文是否与原文意思相符合
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MygrandfatherwasateacherHewastheheadmasterofaschoolfor
boysbetweentheagesofthirteenandeighteenIknowthathewasakindman
becausewhenIwasyoungandhewasoldhegavemepresentsandsatme
onhiskneesandtoldmestoriesButIbelievetheboysathisschoolwereafraid
ofhimAtschoolwhenhewalkedintoaroomfullofnoisyboystheystopped
talkingatonceWhenhelookedataboywithacertain某种lookinhiseyes
thatboywasredinthefaceandlookeddownathisshoesIfaboybroughthim
poorcarelessworkmygrandfatherpickeduptheboysbookandthrewitacross
theroomshoutingDoitallagainandbringitbackfirstthinginthemorningIf
theboywaslateorifheforgottobringhisworkhehadtodoitagainandagain
andyetagainMygrandfatherneverforgotAtschoolhewasverydifferentfrom
themanIsawdaybydayinhisownhome
根据短文内容改写每个空格只限填写一个单词
WhenIwasyoungIstudiedata1schoolWewereall2thirteen
andeighteenOurheadmasterwas3oldmanHewaskindbutallof4
wereafraidofhimForexamplewewereplayingtalkingandlaughing5he
cameinatoncetheclassroombecamequietIfaboydidnt6hishomework
wellorcarefullyhewouldbevery7andaskedtheboytodoitagainand
8Buthis9toldheneverdidthings10thatathome
1boys答案就在短文的第一句话之中但要注意词形的转换这里要用名词所
有格形式
2between文章第一句中的ofaschoolforboysbetweentheagesofthirteenand
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eighteen是答案的依据
3an这个小题比较简单用不着联系短文内容仅凭语法知识就能解答old以元音音
素开头所以填写不定冠词an
4us由ButIbelievetheboysathisschoolwereafraidofhim可知孩子们都害怕
他短文是以第一人称的口吻写的而改写的短文则是以学生们的身份写的弄清了
这一点此空即能做出
5when短文第二自然段开头的那句话同样是一个以when引导的时间状语从句
6do／finish由Ifaboybroughthimpoorcarelesswork这句话不难联想到是学
生没有认真做完成作业
7angry由Ifaboybroughthimpoorcarelessworkmygrandfatherwould
pickuptheboysbookandthrowitacrosstheroomshouting这句话可知如果某
个男孩没有很好地完成作业祖父就会把那位学生的书本扔到外面并大声训斥他
重做显然祖父是因为生气了才这么做的8again由Iftheboywaslateorifheforgottobringtheworkhewouldhaveto
doitagainandagainandyetagain这句话可以确定此空要填写again一词
9grandson原文是从theheadmaster的孙子的角度写爷爷在学校与在家里的不
同表现的联系第一自然段和AtschoolhewasverydifferentfromthemanIsaw
daybydayinhisownhome这句话可知填写grandson是最恰当的10like通常全文可知作者想表达的意思是祖父在学校里的表现与在家中的表现
截然不同换言之则是祖父在学校的表现从来都不象在家中的样子由此可以得出
这里要填介词like像一样
Inthefuturemachineswillbeimprovedanddomoreandmoreworkfor
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manFewpeoplehavetoworkforlonghoursManwillhavemoretimeforleisure
HowwillheusethisleisureintheworldoftomorrowCertainlyhewillstillneed
holidays
InthefuturethecomputerwillhelppeopletofindtherightplaceThe
computerwillaskthemquestionswhichtheywillanswerbypressingabuttonIt
抣lalsoshowthempicturesandtheywillsaywhichonestheylikethenthe
computerwilltellthemwgheretofindtheplacetheywantforholidayTVwillbe
usedmoreineducationItwillalsohelppeopletousetheirleisuretimewell
Therewillbemoreprogrammesonhowtomakeandhowtodothings
InthefuturepeoplewillcertainlyhavetodolessworkMachineswilltake
moreandmoreworkfrommanThismeansthattherestofthetimewillbe
mostlyleisuretime
Somescientistssaythatmanofthefuturewillbeabletogetenough
pleasureandenjoymentonhisownwithoutgoinganywhereAccordingtoother
scientistsamanwillputonasmallcapThecapwillmakehimseefeelandhear
allkindsofenjoyablethings
根据短文内容完成下列各题
1Inthefuture_____willdomoreandmoreworkformansomanwilldo
_____work
2Peoplewillspendmoretime__________inthefuture
3__________canhelpustofindtheplacewherewewanttospendour
holiday
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4TVwillbemoreusefulin_____andhelppeopleusetheir_____timewell
5Peoplewillliveanenjoyablelife_____going_____
1machinesless由第一段可知在将来机器会代替人类做更多的工作所以
人类的工作会更少
2forleisureenjoyingthemselves由第一段Manwillhavemoretimefor
leisure一句可知人们将会有更多的时间休息
3Thecomputer由第三段可知电脑将会帮助人类找到他们想要度假的地
方
4educationleisure由文中TVwillbeusedmoreineducationItwillalso
helppeopletousetheirleisuretimewell两句中得到答案
5withoutanywhere在文章最后一段Somescientistssaythatmanofthe
futurewillbeabletogetenoughpleasureandenjoymentonhisownwithout
goinganywhere中可得知答案
Incourt法庭thejudgeaskstheboynamedHenrysomequestions
JudgeCanyoutellushowtheaccidenthappened
HenryYessirThefarmerdroveveryfastwhenImetwithhimHiscar
knockedmedownandhurtmyarm
JudgeTothefarmerWasthatright
FarmerNosirButitrainedheavilyandIcouldntdrivefast
JudgeSoyoudontthinkyouknockedhimdown
FarmerYesIdidButIdidntseehimmendinghisbikeinthemiddleof
theroad
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JudgeWellDidyousendhimtoahospital
FarmerYesButthedoctorsaidtherewasnothingserioustohim
JudgeToHenryDoyouagreewithhim
HenryYessirButmyleftarmoftenhurtsandIcantliftitatall
JudgeCouldyoushowushowyoucanliftitnow
HenrySureSlowlytheboyliftshisarmbelowhisnose
JudgePoorboyAndhowhighcouldyouliftitbeforetheaccident
HenryOhIcouldliftitveryhighlikethisHoldinghisleftarmupover
hishead
JudgeButIdontthinktheressomethingwrongwithyourarm
HenryIISoitisButmylawyer律师tellsmetodoso
根据上面的对话在短文的空白处填写一个适当的词使短文内容与对话
意思相符
Ithappenedona1_________dayAboynamedHenrywas2_________his
bikeontheroadwhileafarmers3______knockedhimdownThefarmersent
himtoahospitalandthedoctorsaidnothing4________happenedtotheboy
Buthisparentshopedtheboycouldbepaidmore5_________foritTheyasked
foralawyers6_______Thelawyertaughttheboy7______tosayincourt
Henrytoldthejudgehisarmhurtandthathecouldnt8________itupThejudge
askedhimtoshowittohimHecouldliftitbelowhisnoseThejudgeaskedhim
how9_______hecouldliftitbeforetheaccidentTheboy10___________what
thelawyersaidandlifteditoverhishead
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Deareditor
Iamnotagood-lookingboyandIamnotgoodatstudyingeitherSome
peopledontevenwanttotalktomeSoIusuallyfeellonelySometimesIthink
thatifIwanttoleavehomenobodywillcareHowcanIstopfeelinglikethis
Peter
DearPeter
ButfirstIamsurethatyouarewrongthatnobodywillcareifyouleaveyour
homeWhataboutyourparentsAndotherfamilymembersItseemsthatyouare
verysadYoudbettergotoseeadoctorortalktoyourparentsTheycanhelpyou
SecondImsuretheressomeoneinyourclasswhofeelslonelytooYounever
knowhowotherpeoplefeelinsideTrytomakefriendswiththemOryoujoina
clubtomeetnewpeopleandtokeepyourselfbusyYouneedtofindhappiness
inyourselfWritealistofallthegoodthingsaboutyourselfLearntolikeyourself
andthenotherswillseeyourconfidence信心andlikeyoutoo
Editor
1Peterisntgoodatandhefeels__________
2Hewritestotheeditortoaskfor_______becausehewantsto_______feeling
lonely
3IfPeterjoinsaclubhecannewpeopleandkeepbusy
4Theeditorsuggests建议thatTomshouldtalktoaandhis
5Peterislackof缺少andheneedstofind________inhimself
1studyinglonely2helpstop3meethimself4doctorparents5confidence
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happiness
OnceEiteigavealectureinmanyplaceinAmerica．Hisdriveralway
listenedtohimandknewthelecturesowellthathewassurehecouldgiveit
himself．SoEiteiagreedthatthedrivergavethelecturehim．NobodyknewEi
teitherethedrivergavethelectureforEiteithatevening．Atfirsthewasabit
afraidbutEiteinssmilemadehimfeelbetter．Hegaveagoodlectureandthe
peoplewerequitepleased．ThethedriverstartedtoleaveandEiteifollowedhim
withoutaword．Whentheygottothedooramanaskedthedriveradifficult
question．Thedriversaidthatthequestionwasveryeasyandtoldthemantoask
hisdriverbehindtoanswerit．
根据短文内容填空每空限填一词
Eiteigavethe1______lectureagainandagain．Hisdriver2______to
hislecturetoomanytimes3______hewantedtogiveit4_____．_WhenEi
teiknewitheletthedriver5______thelectureforhimthatnight．Thedriver
gavea6______lectureandthegreatscientistwasquitepleased．Whenthey
were7______thelectureroomamanaskedthedriveraquestion．Toshow
8______easythequestionwasthedriveraskedEiteiwhofollowedhim9
______toanswerit10______ofhim．
KEY1．same2．listened3．that4．himself5．give6．good7．leaving8．how
9．quietlybehind10．instead
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