中考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧
中考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧
魏德明
教学目的：提高学生的阅读技能
重点：怎样获取有用信息
难点：如何正确的做出推理判断？
教学过程：
中考中阅读的考点及所占的比重
第一节 共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分。测试考生阅读理解书面英语并获取信息的能力。要求考生阅读4篇短文，并根据阅读材料从每题所提供的选项中选出最佳选项或选择句子补全短文。
第二节 共10小题；A)部分每小题2分，B)部分每小题1分，满分15分。要求考生根据所提供的短文和情景，选择最佳选项补全语篇。
阅读题的阅读方式和解题步骤
阅读方式：快速阅读（略读），仔细阅读（精读）
解题步骤：读题---读文章---解题
三、阅读题题型
（一）细节理解题
解题技巧：
通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：
1. 五个W （who， which， when， where, what ）和一个H （ how ）；
2. 数字、日期、时间等；
3. 注意加强语气的词。然后运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。
You may know the song Happy Birthday very well. But do you know about its writer? It was written by an American girl. And she became very rich after that.（2013夹江二调）
51. The song Happy Birthday was written by .
A. an American girl
B. an American girl’s grandma
C. an American girl’s friend
One day, there was a blind man called John sitting on the bench（长凳）with a hat by his feet and a sign that read, "I am blind. Please help me.” （乐山13二调）
51. What's the blind man's name?
A. Tom. B. John. C. Tony.
（二）词句理解题
解题技巧：
1. 正确理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解，推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。
2. 根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：
（1）注意定义和解释；
（2）同义词或近义词的提示；
（3）近义词和反义词的提示；
（4）利用悬念的属种关系；
（5）借助已有知识或生活常识。
Under the new rules, local governments must make sure that students attend nearby schools or boarding （寄宿的）schools to reduce traffic risks（风险）. Also, local governments must help kids in the countryside reach their school buses. (2012乐山中考)
51. What does the underlined word“attend”mean?
A. join in B. drop out C. go to
She paid with a hundred-dollar bill. But the waitress returned with the change the lady was gone. On the table she saw a small note. There were tears in her eyes when she read it: “Somebody once helped me the way I’m helping you. If you want to pay me back, continue being kind to others.” Under the note were nine more $100 bills. （2013乐山二调）
59. The underlined word “it” (paragraph 5) refers to “ ”.
A. the change B. the bill C. the note D. the order
（三）推理判断题
解题技巧：
1. 分析文章的主旨。
2. 分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。
3. 寻找文章的逻辑思路。
4. 核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。
A man was selling a new kind of vacuum cleaner（真空吸尘器）. He went from street to street. After some time, he knocked on the door of a house on the street.
A lady opened the door. “Good morning, Madam,” said the young man. “If I could take a few minutes of your time, I would like to introduce the very latest vacuum cleaners.”
“Go away!” cried out the woman.
In a moment, the young man rushed into her living room and opened a big black bag. Then he poured a pile of cow droppings（一堆牛粪） onto the floor.
“Madam, if I cannot clean this up with this new vacuum cleaner, I will eat them all!” cried the confident young man.
“Do you need ketchup（番茄酱）with that ?" asked the lady.
The young man was confused (困惑的). “Why, madam ?"he asked。
“There's no electricity in the house," said the lady.
51. The young man was probably a (an) .
A. salesman B. cleaner C. troublemaker
（四）归纳概括题
解题技巧：
通读全文，了解大意，灵活运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等方法，准确理解文章的话题和中心思想。有时还要求对作者叙述的意图和观点作进一步剖析，甚至推测作者的语气和态度等。
一般说来，文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主题句，且多位于段首或段末，有时也会夹在中间。对无主题句的篇章，考生应对文章进行分析和归纳，然后概括中心思想。
In our life, we may meet person with different personalities. What is your personality type? Read about the following and find out!
A Dreamer thinks there is a "right" way to do things. This person wants to live in the "perfect world". Many are good listeners and like to help others. Many Dreamers work as teachers, and often lead others. Famous Dreamers: Mohandas Gandhi, Angelina Jolie.
A Partner wants to be in a group. For this person, rules are important. They consider tradition to be of great value. Partners are often serious, careful people. Many do well as teachers, managers and police officers. Famous Partners: Queen ElizabethⅡ，Mother Teresa.
For Thinkers, understanding things is very important. They like to deal with problems and make new things. Thinkers can also be active. They like to win. They have very strong opinions. Many Thinkers work as scientists, inventors and engineers. Famous Thinkers: Bill Gates, Stephen Hawking.
Artists want to be free. They don't want to follow the rules all the time. They also like trying new things. Like Thinkers, many Artists have strong opinions. They are creative and do well as musicians and actors. Famous Artists: Cristiano Ronald, Madonna.
60. Which could be the best title for the passage?
A. Famous People B. Personality Types C. Perfect World
四、巩固练习
A
We were going to play against a team from a country school.
They didn’t come until the last minute. They looked worse than we had thought. They were wearing dirty blue trousers and looked like farm boys.
We sat down for a rest. We felt that we didn’t need any practice against a team like that. The game began. One of us got the ball and he shot a long pass to our forward (前锋). From out of nowhere a boy in an old T-shirt stopped the ball and with beautiful style he shot and got two points. Then another two points in a minute. Soon the game was all over. We were beaten by the country team.
After that, we thought a lot. We certainly learned that even though a team is very good, there is usually another team better than yours. You can’t be always the best. And the important lesson we learned was: One can’t judge(判断) a person only by his clothes.
1. The country team arrived so late .
A. nobody saw them B. the writer’s team were angry
C. they had no time to warm up D. they won the game
2. The team from the country were in old clothes, so the writer’s team __________.
A. looked down upon them B. could win
C. didn’t like the city boy D. were afraid of them
3. The team from the county won because __________.
A. they were in old clothes B. they didn’t practice before the game
C. they practiced before the game D. the team was better than the writer’s
4. From the text, we can guess the writer’s team is __________.
A. a basketball team from the country school
B. a football team from a school in the city
C. a basketball team from a school in the city
D. a football team from the country school
5. The writer’s team learned a lot from the game. They got to know how to __________.
A. learn from others B. fight against the county boys
C. play against a weak team D. judge a man or a team by clothes.
五、Homework
B
Old George bought the black gloves for just $35 ten year ago. They were made from lamb skin, soft and warm and very strong. Until then, he had worn cheaper man-made material. Those gloves never lasted longer than three years. He first decided to buy the expensive gloves, because they would make him feel nice in front of others.
George never let a drop of water or rain touch his expensive gloves, so they looked new. Losing this favourite thing was almost like losing child to him.
Bad luck! George lost his expensive gloves on New Year’s Day.
...
Back home, George was at a loss. In deep winter, he could not do without a pair of gloves. If he bought cheap ones again, he would have to replace them very soon. If he bought a new leather pair, it would cost $50 now. He was upset that people on longer returned things they found on the road.
After the holiday, poor George decided to buy another Leather pair. Before boarding the subway, he went into Value Mart again to see if his gloves had been returned to the Lost and Found Office(失物招领处)。
“What colour are they ?” the woman in the office asked again.
“Black,” he gave the same answer. She looked into her drawer and drew out a pair of men’s leather gloves, “Are they ?”
“Yes! Those are mine!” George explained, with great joy in his eyes.
6. When did George buy the leather gloves ?
A. On New Year’s Day. B. Before the holiday.
C. Ten years ago. D. In the winter.
7. Why did George decide to buy the expensive gloves?
A. Because they were black.
B. Because they make him feel good before others
C. Because they had a long history.
D. Because they were much cheaper.
8. The leather gloves looked new after years because .
A. George took very good care of them. B. They were soft and warm
C. they were expensive D. George washed them with water
9. How did George feel when he got home on New Year’s Day?
A. He was happy. B. He felt nice. C. He was thankful. D. He felt upset.
10. About old George, which of the following is true?
A. He was very rich man.
B. He never bought cheap gloves.
C. He believed somebody would returned the gloves to him.
D. He hadn’t expected to get his gloves back.
C
What’s the most important thing for you in your life? Somebody mentions hard-work, others suggest knowledge, love and luck.
If you arrange（排列）the 26 English letters in order and use numbers to represent each of them, for example, 1 for a, 2 for b, 3 for c…26 for z, you can change an English word into a number. So hard-work becomes 8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11=98, meaning 98 is its mark. Knowledge: 11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5=96, love:12+15+22+5=54, and luck: 12+21+3+11=47, a small mark. None of these words can give one a full mark. What about money? It can’t, either.
Then what else? Don’t be worried. You can always find an answer to a problem in your life, when you change your way of looking at things or doing things, or your attitude.
Yes, attitude is the word. See for yourself:attitude:1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5=100，a full mark.
Different attitudes lead to different courses of life. Most time people hope for a better life. It is possible that they will have a better life if they change their attitudes. When you change your manner and became friendly towards others, you’ll meet more smiling faces towards you. In the same way, if you take a positive attitude towards failure, you’ll find it’s also rewarding（有益的）though it has caused you losses（损失）.
11. The writer thinks _________ is the most important thing in a person’s life.
A. hard-work. B. knowledge C. money D. attitude
12. What is the mark of the word money according to the passage?
A. 73 B. 72 C. 75 D. 62
13. What does the underlined part in the passage mean? It means
A. 态度 B. 性格 C. 爱好 D. 习惯
14. According to the passage, if you meet with problems, the best way is to ___________.
A. ask for help from others B. hope to be lucky
C. change your attitude D. try math-solving ways
15. From the passage we can learn that ______________.
A. different attitudes come from different courses of life
B. sometimes failure can bring you good if you take a positive attitude
C. math can solve every problem easily in our daily life
D. none of the English words except “attitude” is 100 or more